Panthera tigris is the largest cat in the family Felidae, most famous for its dark vertical stripes on orange fur, with a lighter underside. This species, together with lions, leopards, jaguars and snow leopards, is included in Panthera. Tigers are inborn predators, mainly prey on hoofed animals such as deer and cattle. They are territorial animals, usually solitary but social animals, and often need large contiguous habitats that meet the needs of their prey. Coupled with the fact that they are indigenous to some densely populated areas of the planet, this has led to major conflicts with humanity.

Tigers used to be widespread in eastern Eurasia, from the Black Sea in the west to the Indian Ocean in the south to Sumatra in the East. In the past 100 years, they have lost 93% of their historical scope and have been extinct from west and Central Asia, Java and Bali, and most of Southeast Asia, South Asia and East Asia. Today, they range from coniferous forests in Siberia to open grasslands and tropical mangrove swamps. The remaining six tiger subspecies are listed as endangered by the International Union for the conservation of nature (IUCN). It is estimated that the global population in the wild ranges from 3062 to 3948, down from about 100000 at the beginning of the 20th century. Most of the remaining populations are isolated from each other, of which about 2000 exist in the Indian subcontinent. The 2016 global census estimated the number of wild tigers to be about 3890. [5] [6] the main causes of population decline include habitat destruction, habitat fragmentation and poaching. It is estimated that tigers account for less than 1184911 square kilometres (457497 square miles), a 41 per cent decrease from the estimated area in the mid-1990s. In 2016, WWF's wildlife conservation organization announced that the world's wild tiger population has grown for the first time in a century.

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