Gallus gallus domesticus is a kind of poultry and a subspecies of red jungle bird. It is one of the most common and widely distributed livestock, with a total population of more than 19 billion as of 2011. Humans mainly eat chickens, and consume meat and eggs at the same time.

Genetic studies indicate that the mother originated in Southeast Asia, East Asia and South Asia, but the evolutionary branches of America, Europe, the Middle East and Africa originated in the Indian subcontinent. Domesticated chicken was imported from India to Lydia, Asia Minor, and into Greece before the fifth century BC.

Chickens are omnivores. In the wild, they often scratch the soil to find seeds, insects, and even animals as big as lizards, snakes, or rats.

Depending on the breed, chickens can live for five to ten years. According to Guinness World Records, the oldest chicken in the world is a hen who died of heart failure. She was 16 years old.

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