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Dog food

Dog food is specially prepared for dogs and other related dogs. Dogs are considered omnivores with a meat bias. They have sharp teeth and short gastrointestinal tract of carnivores, are more suitable for eating meat than plant-based substances, and have 10 genes responsible for starch and glucose digestion and the ability to produce amylase. The enzyme's function is to break down carbohydrates into monosaccharides, which carnivores lack. Dogs have been adapted for thousands of years, can survive on meat and non meat fragments and human surplus food, and grow vigorously in various foods. Research shows that the ability of dogs to easily digest carbohydrates may be the main difference between dogs and dogs. Wolf.

By 2022, in the United States alone, the dog food market is expected to reach 23.3 billion US dollars.

Dry dog food is usually made up of roughly ground bags containing 3-11% water. It makes up the vast majority of pet food.

Dry food is convenient and usually cheap, with sales of more than $8 billion in 2010, up 50% from seven years ago.

Dry food processing is very popular in the pet food industry because it is an effective way to continuously supply a variety of feeds. It has energy efficiency, can use a lot of feed, and has cost-effectiveness.

In order to roughen the dog, a process called extrusion is completed. A simple extruder consists of a barrel, a screw and a die (tool for cutting and shaping food). Feed ingredients are solid at room temperature; therefore, extrusion of these ingredients requires the use of steam, hot water or other heat sources to reach temperatures above 100 degrees Celsius to soften or melt the mixture and allow fluidity through the barrel. In the extrusion process, the high pressure applied to the mixture forces the mixture into the die head, and then completely exits the extruder, where it is cut into the required size by rotating the throwing knife.

Unfortunately, the extrusion process actually denatures some of the nutrients in the food. Taurine deficiency was found in dogs and cats fed an extruded commercial diet. Taurine is not generally considered as an essential nutrient for dogs. It is rich in taurine in most whole meat, whether raw or cooked, but it will be reduced in the extrusion diet. Taurine deficiency can also be attributed to the use of refined, highly processed, low taurine sources. Whatever the reason, taurine is now artificially added to the diet in the production process of most commercial pet foods.

Wet or canned dog food is usually packed in solid or soft containers. The water content of wet food is about 60-78%, which is significantly higher than that of dry food or semi wet food. Canned foods are commercially sterile (cooked during canning); other wet foods may not be sterile. Sterilization is accomplished by the cooking process, which involves steam sterilization at 121 ℃. Compared with similar coarse powder based on dry matter, given wet food usually contains higher protein or fat (this method ignores water); because of the high water content of canned food, a large number of canned food must be fed to meet the energy demand of dogs. Grain gluten and other protein gels can be used in wet dog food to create artificial meat pieces that look like real meat.