Islam - a monotheistic religion of Abraham that teaches only one God (Allah), and Muhammad is the messenger of God. It is the second largest religion in the world, with more than 1.8 billion Muslim followers known as Muslims, accounting for 24.1% of the global population. Muslims make up the majority of the population in 50 countries. Islam teaches that God is merciful, omnipotent, unique, and has guided humanity through prophets, scriptures, and natural signs. The main texts of Islam are the Koran, which is regarded by Muslims as the word by word of God, as well as examples of the doctrines and norms of Muhammad (Jordan, about June 8-8, 632) (called the Hadith, consisting of narratives called the Hadith).

Muslims believe that Islam is a complete and universal version of the original faith, which was first revealed through prophets including Adam, Abraham, Moses and Jesus. Muslims believe that the Koran is God's unchanging and ultimate revelation. Like other Abrahamic religions, Islam teaches the final judgment, in which there should be a just and rewarding heaven and unjust punishment in hell. Religious concepts and practices include the five pillars of Islam, which are mandatory worship practices; following Islamic law (Islamic doctrine), almost touching all aspects of life and society, from banking, welfare to women and the environment. Mecca, Medina and Jerusalem are the three holy places of Islam.

In addition to theological views, Islam is historically believed to have originated in Mecca in the early 7th century A.D., and by the 8th century, the Umayyad Islamic Caliph extended from Iberia in the west to the Indus River in the East. The golden age of Islam refers to the Abbas Caliph period, which can be traced back to the 8th century to the 13th century. At that time, many Muslim countries with a long history were experiencing the prosperity of science, economy and culture. The expansion of the Muslim world involves various caliphate empires and empires, merchants and conversion to Islam through missionary activities (Dawah).

Most Muslims belong to one of two denominations: Sunnis (75-90%) or Shiites (10-20%). About 13% of Muslims live in Indonesia, the largest Muslim majority country, 31% in South Asia, the world's largest Muslim population, 23% in the Middle East and North Africa (the dominant religion) and 15% in sub Saharan Africa. Large Muslim communities have also been found in the Americas, Caucasus, Central Asia, China, Europe, Southeast Asia, the Philippines and Russia. Islam is the world's fastest growing major religion (mainly due to high fertility).