Russia (Russian: Роси́я, Rosia), officially the Russian Federation, is a European country located in Eastern Europe, with a vast territory throughout North Asia. Covering an area of 17125200 square kilometers (6612100 square miles), it is the largest country in the world so far, accounting for more than one eighth of the living area of human beings on the earth, spanning 11 time zones and bordering 16 sovereign countries. Russia's territory extends from the Baltic in the west to the Pacific in the East, from the Arctic in the north to the Black Sea and Caucasus in the south. As of 2019, about 146.8 million people live in 85 federal entities (including disputed Crimea and sevastapol), making Russia the ninth largest population country in the world and the largest population country in Europe. The capital and largest city of Russia is Moscow. Other major urban areas include St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan and Chelyabinsk.

Madame tundra became a recognized group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries A.D. The medieval state of Ras was founded and ruled by the Warrior Elite of varangi and its descendants, and was founded in the 9th century. In 988, it adopted the orthodox Christianity of Byzantine Empire and began the integration of Byzantine and Slavic cultures, which defined the Russian culture in the next millennium. Rose was eventually dissolved into many smaller states until the 15th century when it was finally unified by the Grand Duchy of Moscow. In the 18th century, Russia expanded greatly through conquest, annexation and exploration, becoming the third largest empire in history, extending from Poland in the west to Alaska in the East. After the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet federal Socialist Republic (SFSR) became the largest and main member of the union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR / USSR), which was the first constitutional socialist country in the world. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the victory of the Allied forces in the Second World War and became recognized as a superpower and a competitor of the United States during the cold war. The Soviet era witnessed some of the most important technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first man-made satellite and the first human launch in space. After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Russian SFSR was reorganized into the Russian Federation, and was recognized as the continuing legal personality and the successor of the Soviet Union.

Since 1993, Russia's political system has been a federal semi presidential Republic. Vladimir Putin has dominated Russia's political system since 2000 as president or prime minister. The Russian government is usually called the autocratic government. Under his leadership, Russia has experienced the retrogression of democracy and the deterioration of human rights record. It ranks 137th out of 180 countries in the 2019 Corruption Perception Index, 134th out of 29 in the 2018 UN transit report released by Freedom House, and 134th in the 2019 democracy index.

Russia's economy ranked 11th in 2019 in terms of nominal GDP and sixth in terms of purchasing power parity. Russia's rich mineral and energy resources are the largest in the world, making it one of the world's leading oil and gas producers. It is one of the five recognized nuclear weapon states with the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is not only a big country, but also a regional power, known as a potential superpower. Its military strength has been ranked as the second strongest in the world. It is a permanent member of the UN Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN. It is also a member of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), the G20, the European Commission and the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC). , the organization for security and cooperation in Europe (OSCE), the international investment bank (IIB) and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as the main members of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and the Eurasian Economic Union (eaeu).