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Vladimir Ilyich ulyanov is a revolutionary, statesman and political theorist of Russian communism, also known as Lenin (April 22, 1870, April 10-january 21, 1924, us time). He was the head of government of the Russian Republic from 1917 to 1918, the government of the Socialist Republic of the Russian Soviet Union from 1918 to 1924, and the head of government of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1924. Under his administration, Russia and later the broader Soviet Union became a one party communist state ruled by the Russian Communist Party. He is a Marxist in thought. He developed a political theory called Leninism.

Lenin was born into a wealthy middle-class family in sinbillsk. After his brother was executed in 1887, he accepted the revolutionary socialist politics. Dismissed from Imperial University of Kazan for participating in protests against the Tsarist government of the Russian Empire, he spent the next few years working on a law degree. He moved to St. Petersburg in 1893 and became a senior position in the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (rsdlp). In 1897, he was arrested for sedition and exiled to shushenskoye for three years, where he married Nadezhda Krupskaya. After exile, he moved to Western Europe and became a famous party theorist through his publications. In 1903, he played a key role in the ideological division of rsdlp, leading the Bolshevik faction against the mengshiviks of Julius maltov. During Russia's failed revolution in 1905, he encouraged uprising. Later, he campaigned for the first World War and transformed it into a European proletarian revolution. As a Marxist, he believed that this would lead to the overthrow of capitalism and its replacement by socialism. In February 1917, after the revolution expelled the Tsar and established a temporary government, he returned to Russia and played a leading role in the October Revolution. The Bolsheviks overthrew the new regime.

Lenin's Bolshevik government initially shared power with left-wing socialist revolutionaries, the elected Soviet Union and a multi-party constituent assembly, although by 1918 it had concentrated power in the new Communist Party. The Lenin government redistributed land among farmers, state-owned banks and large industries. It withdrew from the first World War by signing a treaty with the central powers, and promoted the world revolution through the Comintern. In "Red Terror", opponents are suppressed, a violent movement run by the national security service; thousands of people are killed or detained in concentration camps. His government defeated the right-wing and left-wing anti Bolshevik forces in the Russian civil war from 1917 to 1922, and supervised the Polish Soviet war from 1919 to 1921. In response to wartime destruction, famine and popular uprising, Lenin encouraged economic growth through a new market-oriented economic policy in 1921. Several non Russian countries gained independence after 1917, but three countries reunited with Russia through the establishment of the Soviet Union in 1922. Lenin protested against the power of his successor, Joseph Stalin, in his deteriorating health and died in his Gorky villa.

Lenin is widely regarded as one of the most important and influential figures in the 20th century. Before the dissolution in 1991, Lenin was always a follower of the popular personal worship in the Soviet Union. He became the ideological leader behind Marxism Leninism, so in the international communist movement. Lenin is a controversial and highly divided man, regarded by his supporters as a supporter of socialism and the working class, while critics on both sides emphasize him as the founder of the authoritarian regime responsible for political repression and mass killing.