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A wheelchair is a chair with wheels, which is used when it is difficult or impossible to walk due to illness, injury or disability. There are many forms of wheelchair to meet the specific needs of users. They may include special seat adjustments, personalized controls, and may be specific to specific activities, such as sports wheelchairs and beach wheelchairs. The most widely recognized difference between electric wheelchairs ("electric wheelchairs") and electric wheelchairs is that electric wheelchairs are powered by batteries and electric motors, while manual wheelchairs are powered by wheelchair users / passengers by hand ("self-propelled"), or by waiters from behind ("pushed by someone").
The earliest records of wheeled furniture are inscriptions found on Chinese stone tablets and children's beds decorated with ribbon decorations on Greek vases, dating back to the 6th to 5th centuries BC. In China, three centuries later, there was the earliest record of wheeled seats used for wheelchair transportation. The Chinese used early wheelbarrows to move people and heavy objects. It wasn't until about 525 A.D., when images of wheeled chairs designed to carry people began to appear in Chinese art, that the difference between the two functions appeared for hundreds of years.
Although Europeans eventually developed a similar design, this mode of transportation did not exist until 1595, when an unknown inventor from Spain built a mode of transportation for King Philip II. Although this is a delicate chair with both armrests and legs, there are still shortcomings in the design, because it does not have an efficient propulsion mechanism, so it needs assistance to push it. This makes the design more of a modern high chair or portable throne for the rich than a modern wheelchair for the disabled.
In 1655, Stephan farffler, a 22-year-old paraplegic watchmaker, built the world's first self-propelled chair on a three wheel chassis with a crank and gear system. However, since the design includes a hand crank mounted on the front wheel, the device looks more like a hand bike than a wheelchair.
Starting around 1760, ineffective carriages or bathchairs made the technology more common.
In 1887, wheelchairs ("rolling chairs") were introduced into Atlantic City so that sick and disabled visitors could rent them to enjoy the boardwalk. Soon, many healthy tourists rented decorated "rolling chairs" and servants to push them to show off the waste and treatment they had never had at home.
In 1933, Harry C. Jennings (Sr.) and his disabled friend Herbert Everest, both mechanical engineers, invented the first portable steel folding wheelchair. [9] Mount Everest was previously injured in a mining accident. Everest and Jennings saw the commercial potential of the invention and continue to be the first mass market manufacturers of wheelchairs. Despite material updates and other improvements, their "X-brace" design is still very common. The idea for the x-bracket comes from the men's folding "camp chair / stool" (rotated 90 degrees) that Harry and Herbert use outdoors and in mines.
There are many kinds of wheelchairs, and their propulsion methods, control mechanisms and technologies are different. Some wheelchairs are designed for daily use, while others are designed for single person activities or to meet specific access needs. Innovation in the wheelchair industry is relatively common, but many innovations will eventually be left behind, either due to over specialization or failure to enter the market at affordable prices. IBOT is perhaps the most famous example in recent years.
