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Credit card is a kind of payment card sent to the user (cardholder), which enables the cardholder to pay for goods and services and other fees to the merchant according to the cardholder's commitment to the issuer. An issuer (usually a bank) creates a revolving account and provides a credit line to the cardholder from which the cardholder can borrow money for payment to the merchant or as a cash overdraft.
A credit card is different from a charge card, which requires a full monthly repayment of the balance. Instead, credit cards allow consumers to build a sustainable debt balance, but with interest. Credit card is also different from cash card. The owner of cash card can use it as currency. The difference between a credit card and an account card is that a credit card usually involves a third-party entity that pays to the seller and is reimbursed by the buyer, while an account card only delays the buyer's payment until later.
Most credit cards are 85.60 mm x 53.98 mm (3 3 ⁄ 8 x 2 1 ⁄ 8 inch) in size, with a radius of 2.88 – 3.48 mm and comply with the ISO / IEC 7810 Id-1 standard, the same size as ATM cards and other payment cards, such as debit cards.
The credit card has a printed or embossed bank card number that complies with ISO / IEC 7812 numbering standards. The prefix of the card number is called the bank identification number (called bin in the industry), which is a sequence of numbers beginning with a number and used to determine the bank to which the credit card number belongs. This is the top six digits for MasterCard and visa. The next nine digits are the personal account number, and the last digit is the validity check code.
Both standards are maintained and further developed by ISO / IEC JTC 1 / SC 17 / WG 1. The credit card has magnetic stripe according to ISO / IEC 7813. Many modern credit cards are embedded with computer chips to ensure security. features.
In addition to the main credit card number, the credit card comes with an issue and expiration date (assigned to the most recent month), as well as additional codes, such as issue number and security code. Not all credit cards have the same additional code set and do not use the same number of digits.
The credit card number is initially stamped to facilitate easy transfer of the number to the charge sheet. With the decrease of notes, some credit cards are no longer embossed, in fact, the card number is no longer in front.
In 1887, Edward Bellamy described the concept of using cards for purchase in his utopian novel "looking back". Bellamy uses the term credit card 11 times in the novel, although it refers to a card used to pay dividends from the government rather than borrow money, making it more like a debit card.
Credit card issuers, such as banks or credit unions, enter into agreements with merchants to accept their cards. Merchants often advertise which cards are accepted by displaying an acceptance mark (usually from a logo), or can communicate it on a sign in corporate or corporate materials (for example, a restaurant menu can indicate which credit cards are accepted). Businesses can also verbally communicate this message, such as "we use (brands x, y and z)" or "we don't use credit cards.".
Visa, MasterCard, American Express are issuing entities that set transaction conditions for merchants, issuing banks, and acquirers.
A credit card issuer issues a credit card to a customer at or after the credit provider approves the account, which does not have to be the same entity as the issuer. The cardholder can then use it to make a purchase at the merchant who accepts the card. After purchase, the cardholder agrees to pay the issuer. The cardholder agrees to pay by signing a receipt with a record of card details and indicating the amount to be paid or entering a personal identification number (PIN). Moreover, many merchants now accept oral authorization through telephone and electronic authorization using the Internet, which is called card free transaction (CNP).
The electronic verification system allows merchants to verify whether the card is valid and whether the cardholder has sufficient credit limit to pay for the purchase within seconds, so that the verification can be carried out at the time of purchase. Verification is performed using a credit card payment terminal or point of sale (POS) system and a communication link with the merchant acquiring bank. The data in the card is obtained from the magnetic stripe or chip on the card; the latter system is called chip and pin in England and Ireland, and is implemented as EMV card.
For transactions (e.g., e-commerce, mail order, and telemarketing) where a card does not exist for which a card is not shown, the merchant asks for additional information, such as verifying that the customer actually owns the card and is an authorized user. The security code, expiration date and billing address printed on the back of the card.
Each month, a statement is sent to the cardholder indicating the purchase made using the card, any outstanding fees, the total amount owed and the minimum amount owed. In the United States, upon receipt of this statement, a cardholder may object to any charge that he or she considers incorrect (see 15 U.S.C. $1643, which limits the cardholder's liability for unauthorized use of a credit card to $50). The Fair Credit Billing Act details US regulations.
Nowadays, many banks also provide the option of electronic statement to replace or replace physical statement, and the cardholder can view the electronic statement at any time through the issuer's online bank website. Notifications about the availability of new statements are usually sent to the cardholder's email address. If the issuer chooses to allow, the cardholder can choose other payment methods besides physical check, such as electronic transfer from check account. Depending on the issuer, the cardholder can also make multiple payments in a single statement period, which may allow him or her to use the credit limit on the card multiple times.
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