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Winter two is a combination of cross-country skiing and rifle shooting winter sports. It is considered to be the competition won by the player with the shortest total time. Depending on the game, missed shots result in extra distance or time being added to the total number of players.
According to the Encyclopedia Britannica, the two winter sports "originated from Scandinavian skiing tradition, and the early residents advocated the northern European God ullr as the God of skiing and hunting". In modern times, the activities developed for this sport are a sport for the Norwegian people and another training for the army. In the 18th century, Norwegian ski troupe organized military skiing competitions, which were divided into four categories: shooting with marks when skiing at the highest speed, downhill competition in the trees, downhill competition on the big mountain slope without falling, and military package of distance competition on the flat ground when carrying rifles and skis. In modern terms, these military competitions include downhill, slalom, biathlon and cross-country skiing. One of the world's first ski clubs, the Trysil rifle and ski club, was founded in Norway in 1861 to promote national defense at the local level. 20th century variants include forsvarsrennet, a 17 kilometer cross-country shooting competition, and a 30 kilometer cross-country military competition, including shooting techniques. Modern winter is a civilian variant of the old military joint exercise. In Norway, both winter sports were until 1984 a branch of det Friday skyttervesen, an organization set up by the government to promote civilian gun laws in support of national defense. In Norwegian, the winter events are called "ski jumping" (literally ski shooting). In Norway, there is still a separate competition for skifeltskyting, a 12 kilometer cross-country competition, which uses large calibre rifles to shoot various targets with unknown range.
The so-called military patrol combines skiing and shooting to compete at the 1924 Winter Olympic Games, and then it was displayed in 1928, 1936 and 1948. However, because a few competing countries did not agree with the rules, it was not recognized by the Olympic Games. However, in the mid-1950s, winter sports were introduced into the winter sports tour of the Soviet Union and Sweden and widely enjoyed by the public. The popularity of this new discovery has helped the efforts of winter sports to enter the Winter Olympics.
The first two winter World Championships were held in Austria in 1958, and the sport was finally included in the Olympic Games in 1960. In 1992, in Albertville, women were allowed to compete in the Olympic Winter events for the first time.
From 1958 to 1965, the competition used high-power central firebombs, such as. 30-06 Springfield and 7.62 × 51mm NATO. Before the standardization of. 22 long rifle side firebombs in 1978, this kind of ammunition was the waist of competitors wearing belts. The only incident was 20 km of men, covering four separate ranges, shooting distances of 100 m, 150 m, 200 m and 250 m, respectively. In 1966, a servomotor was added to reduce the target distance to 150m. In 1978, the mechanical self indicating target made its debut at the 1980 Winter Olympic Games in Lake Placid, and the shooting distance was further reduced to 50 m. In the 2018 / 2019 season, full electronic targets have been approved to replace paper or mechanical steel targets of IBU activities.
In winter, the two events include a competition in which the participants ski through cross-country skiing system. The total distance of the cross-country system is divided into two or four rounds, with the other half standing in the prone position. Depending on the shooting performance, additional distance or time will be added to the total skiing distance / time of the player. The player with the shortest total time wins.
For each round of shooting, the athlete must hit five targets or charge a fine for each missed target, depending on the competition rules, as follows:
In order to track the progress and relative position of the competitors in the whole competition, segments (intermediate time) shall be carried out at each position of the ski course and after each shooting. The large-scale display screen, which is usually set up in winter, and the information graphics displayed as part of the TV screen, usually lists the competition time of the fastest player in each middle point, as well as the time and time difference with the closest player
Athletes have a small caliber rifle, which must weigh at least 3.5kg, except ammunition and magazine. The rifle uses 0.22 LR ammunition and is a bolt action or a Fortner action. Each rifle can hold 4 magazines and 5 magazines. More bullets can be kept in the rifle stock for relay races.
The shooting distance of the target range is 50 m. There are five round targets in each round. When shooting in the prone position, the target diameter is 45 mm; when shooting in the upright position, the target diameter is 115 mm. This translates into an angular target size of about 1 milli Ladd and 2.5 milli Ladd, respectively. In all modern winter competitions, the target is self-directed. When hit, the target will turn from black to white, thus providing instant visual feedback for athletes and spectators.
Ear protection is not required during winter shooting, as ammunition is usually subsonic. Eye mask (binder) is an optional function of two rifles in winter.
