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Tomato is the edible berry of Solanaceae, usually red berry, which is usually called tomato plant. The species originated in western South America and Central America. Nahuatl (Aztec language) the word tomatl produced the Spanish word tomate, from which the English word tomato originated. Its domestication and food for farming may have originated with indigenous peoples in Mexico. During the Spanish conquest of the Aztec empire, the Aztecs used tomatoes in cooking. After the Spanish first met tomatoes after contacting the Aztecs, they brought the plants to Europe. From there, tomatoes were introduced to other parts of the European colonization world in the 16th century.
Tomatoes are an important source of freshness. There are many kinds of raw materials for tomatoes, whether raw or cooked, which can be used in many dishes, condiments, salads and drinks. Tomatoes are fruits (botanically classified as berries), but they are often used as vegetable ingredients or side dishes.
Many varieties of tomato plants are widely planted in the global temperate climate, and the greenhouse can produce tomatoes all year round. Tomato plants usually grow to 1-3 meters (3-10 feet). They are weaker vines that usually need support. The uncertain tomato plant is a perennial plant in its native habitat, but it can be planted as an annual plant. Settled or shrubbery plants are annual plants that stop growing at a certain height and produce one crop at a time. Tomatoes vary in size from variety to variety and range in width from 0.5 to 4 inches (1.3 to 10.2 cm).
Botanically speaking, tomato is a kind of fruit, a kind of berry, which is composed of ovary and its seed, and it is a flowering plant. However, tomatoes are considered "cooking vegetables" because their sugar content is much lower than that of cooking fruits. It is usually used as part of a salad or meal, not as a dessert. Tomatoes are not the only food with this ambiguity. Peppers, cucumbers, mung beans, eggplant, avocado and various pumpkins (such as zucchini and pumpkin) are all plant fruits, but they can be cooked as vegetables. This led to legal disputes in the United States. In 1887, the United States Tariff Law imposed tariffs on vegetables, but not on fruits, which made the status of tomatoes a legal issue. The Supreme Court of the United States settled the dispute on May 10, 1893, declaring that tomato is a vegetable, according to the popular definition of classifying vegetables by use - usually with dinner instead of dessert (Nix V). Hedden（149 US 304））。 The ruling in the case only applied to the interpretation of the tariff in 1883, and the court did not intend to reclassify tomatoes for plant or other purposes.
Tomato plants are vines that were initially dumped and, if supported, usually grow 180 cm (6 feet) or more above the ground, although erect shrub varieties have been developed, usually 100 cm (3 feet) or less in height. The uncertain types are "tender" perennials, which die annually in temperate climates (they were originally native to tropical Highlands), although in some cases they can live in greenhouses for up to three years. In all climates, the type identified is annual.
Tomato plant is a dicotyledonous plant. It grows with a series of branched stems and a terminal bud at the top, which can actually grow. When the tip finally stops growing, whether due to pruning or flowering, the lateral buds will take over and grow into other fully functional vines.
Tomato vines are usually pubescent, meaning they are covered with short hairs. These hairs promote the adult process of grape, and become roots wherever the plant contacts the ground and water, especially if the connection between the vine and its original root has been destroyed or cut off.
Most tomato plants have compound leaves, known as common leaf (RL) plants, but some varieties have simple leaves, known as the potato leaf (PL) style, because they are similar to specific relatives. In RL plants, there are varieties, such as pleated leaves with deep grooves, while variegated Angora leaves have extra colors, in which genetic mutations cause chlorophyll to be excluded from certain parts of the leaves.
Leaves 10 – 25 cm (4 – 10 in.) long, odd pinnate, 5 to 9 leaflets on petiole, each 8 cm (3 in.) long, serrated. The stems and leaves are densely glandular hairy. [citation required]
Their flowers appear on the apical meristem, allowing the anthers to fuse along the margin, forming a cylinder around the pistil pattern. The flowers of family cultivated varieties can self fertilize. Flowers 1-2 cm (0.4-0.8 in) wide, yellow, with five lobed lobes on the corolla; they are clustered in clusters of 3 to 12. [reference required]
Although tomato is considered a vegetable in terms of cooking, its fruit is classified botanically as a berry. It is a true fruit that develops from the ovary of the plant after fertilization, and its pulp includes the pericarp wall. The fruit is filled with a hollow space full of seeds and water, which is called the living cavity. These vary according to the type of cultivar. Some smaller varieties have two cavities, spherical varieties usually have three to five, steak tomatoes have many smaller cavities, while paste tomatoes are few, very small.
In order to reproduce, seeds need to come from ripe fruits and be dried or fermented before germination.
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