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The drill is a tool mainly used to make round holes or drive fasteners. Depending on the application, it is equipped with a bit or bit fixed by the bit. Some electric drills also have hammering function.
Bit speed, power and size are different. They are typical cable driven devices. The popularity of manual type has declined sharply, and the number of cordless battery powered devices has increased dramatically.
Drills are commonly used in woodworking, metalworking, machine tool manufacturing, construction and utility projects. Designed for medical, space and micro applications.
Around 35000 BC, Homo sapiens discovered the benefits of using rotating tools. It's made up of a sharp rock that spins between your hands to drill holes in another material. This leads to a hand drill, a smooth rod that sometimes sticks to flint and rubs between the palms. This is used by many ancient civilizations in the world, including the Maya. The earliest finds of perforated artifacts, such as bones, ivory, shells and antlers, came from the Paleolithic age.
The bow drills are the first machine drills, because they can be traced back to about 10000 years ago. It has been found that tying a rope to a stick and then connecting the end of the rope to the end of a stick (bow) allows users to drill faster and more efficiently. The bow drill is mainly used for making fire. It is also used for ancient wood products, stone products and dentistry. Archaeologists have found a Neolithic cemetery in mehrgrath, Pakistan, dating back to the Harappans period about 7500-9000 years ago, which contains nine adult corpses and a total of 11 teeth. In one of the tombs of Thebes, hieroglyphs of Egyptian carpenters and bead makers are depicted with bow drills. The earliest evidence of their use in Egypt dates back to 2500 BC. The use of bow drill has been used in Europe, Africa, Asia and North America in ancient times, and has been used up to now. Over the years, many subtle changes have been developed in bow drills and belt drills for various purposes, such as drilling materials or igniting furnaces.
The core bit was developed in ancient Egypt in 3000 BC. The water drill was invented in Roman times. It consists of a vertical spindle and a flywheel. The spindle consists of a horizontal piece of wood and a flywheel aligned to maintain accuracy and momentum.
The hollow drill was first used around the 13th century. It consists of a stick and a tubular metal end, such as copper. In this way, a hole can be drilled only when the external part is actually ground. This allows the stone or wood inside to be completely separated from the rest, allowing the drill to crush less material into a hole of similar size.
Water drills and bow drills were used to drill smaller holes in Western civilization, which accounted for a large part of human history, while auger drills began to drill larger holes sometime between Rome and the middle ages. The auger allows for larger holes with greater torque. The timing of the invention of the support and bit is uncertain. But the earliest images ever found date back to the 15th century. As shown in the figure, it is a hand crank drill, which consists of two parts. The upper part of the brace is where the user holds and turns it, and the lower part is the drill bit. When the bit is worn, the bit can be interchanged. The rotary screw used in the auger is similar to the common Archimedean auger bit today. The bracelet is also worth mentioning because it is a smaller version of the auger.
In the East, the first agitated drill was invented in 221 B.C. in the Qin Dynasty of China, with a depth of 1500 m. The tramp drill in ancient China was made of wood, with great labor intensity, but it can pass through hard rock. Agitated bits appeared in Europe in the 12th century. According to reports, in 1835, Isaac singer built a steam powered mixing drill according to the method used by the Chinese people. It is worth mentioning the early drilling machine. They are machine tools derived from bow drills, but driven by windmills or waterwheels. The drilling machine consists of an electric drill bit, which can be raised or lowered into a material, thereby reducing the force of the user.
The next major advance in drilling technology is the electric motor, which led to the invention of the electric drill. It is attributed to Arthur James Arnot and William blanch branch in Melbourne, Australia, who obtained the patent of electric drill in 1889. In 1895, Wilhem & Carl Fein brothers in Stuttgart, Germany, invented the first portable electric hand drill. In 1917, the first trigger switch, the pistol portable drilling machine, was patented by black & Decker. This is the beginning of the modern era of bit. In the last century, various types and sizes of electric drills have been created for various specific purposes.
There are many types of drilling tools: some are driven manually, some use electric power (electric drill) or compressed air (pneumatic drill) as power, while a few are driven by internal combustion engine (for example, earth auger). Impact drills (hammers) are usually used for hard materials such as masonry (brick, concrete and stone) or rock. A drill is used to drill holes on earth to obtain water or oil. To build a well, well, or geothermal heating hole with a large rig. Some types of hand-held drills are also used to drive screws and other fasteners. Some small household appliances without electric motors may be powered by drilling rigs, such as small pumps, grinders, etc.
